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Q' s. N. CALDWELLtoF Pimjrfenove,INDIANA Lam-pmmmssafi, 1aed Matheo, 1869. l

IMPROVEMENT IN HEDGE-FENCES.

rho schedule referme w in um; Lamm 'Patent and musing part of Vthe ame To all 'whom it may concern lBe it known that I, S. N. CALDWELL, of Pilot Grove,

-in the county of Newton, and in the State of Indiana,

apart of this specicatiou',` in'which- Figure 1 represents an end view of the earth aroundthe hedge; and

Figure 2 represents a side view, showing 'the mode of formingthe hedge.v

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention has for its object' the formationnf al hedge-fence, that will be more economically made, requiring little or no trimming, and the production of they same in a shorter space of time, than others heretol fore known, andwhen done, makes a more complete fence. 1

' In `the annexed drawingsl A, iig. l, represents the. surface of the erth, and

B, the elevation withinv which the young hedge is y.

planted.l C represents a plant in a vertical position upon the apex of the throvrnup earth.

Prior to planting the sprouts, I prepare the earth,

as follows:

I first out the earth, as nearly as possible, in a peri pendicular form, to the depth of about one foot, as seen at H, iig. 1, on each side ofthe line where the hedgesprouts are to .be planted. The two cut-s thus made'- with afplow or otherwise, are about sixteen feet apart.

I then throw the earth upward from these outs, each way, to the centre, wherein. the plants are to be placed,

making the distance from the sprouts to each cut, about eightfeet. The'central line thus formed is elevated above the normal surface of the earth, so that the.in-' cliuatiou from the apex to the ybase of the cut, on either side, is about eighteen degrees.'

After thus' making the bed,'I place my sprouts in a row along the centre of thebed, in 'a vertical manner,-

and allow the sprouts to form roots and strength for two, three, or four yearsnV After the plant forms al bushy head, at the end of 'about .the third year, I `out itentirely oii, so that the sprouts near the top`wi1l,'in about one year, grow thick and bushyfrom where the, topwas cut.

When `the hedge has thus far grown, and has roots of suiicient strength, I bend them over in an inclined, or oblique mannerfone afterfthe other, so that they incline atan angle of about Veighteen degrees, by cut' ting the lateral roots at :rigl-it angles with the line of the hedge, and carrying oyerthe plants with the earth abouttheirroots.

C represents a vertical hedge-plant,with its head, t, and roots, a, underthe line of earth, A;

-the upper part of the stock.

I D D represent asei'ies of the hedge-plants bent over i as described; and g D D represent the same, after having been bent over for a short 'period,sh owing `the vertical position the sprouts g g', around the head, will assume.

t .The construction of a hedge, by repeated plowing of the land, so that it may be filled in the centre, about one foot, more o r le'ssand cutting down into the earth upon Vthe outside, nearaibot, and the space being one rod, or thereabout, in width, leaving the surface-grade at an angle of about eighteen degrees to the plane'of the earths surface, will cause the quick growth of the young plant, and increase its size.- v 'lhe surface-soil is increased velops the growth of the sprout.v

When ,the plant has attainedthree, four, or five years of age, the lateral roots, by this arrangement,

being forced into the sub'soil, which is notcongenial to their growth, are checked in their development, thus 4dwa'ring the plalitwhen it has attained the age and Isize most desirablefor a hedge-fence;

By thus cultivating the plant, the usual diiliculties are obviated, and about one-half'less ground is cons'umed in the fence.

The natural tendency of the sap is to flow directly upthe plant, and form sprouts at 'the top, similar to i the growth ofa tree. By cutting'the top of the plant ofi', as before stated, the number of stem`s,or sproutsv is increased, and the head, or top of the plant, thereby dwarfed.

My great objectl is to preserve the ow of the sap to The usual mode of 'planting hedge-quicks, is to place them in the earth, in a position nearly'horizontal, the tops being inclined a little upward, at a distance of near six inches, and when they have attained sumcient size, they are plashed, which is accomplished by cutting the plant partly o li, near the ground, and bend-, ingrit to the earths surface, from which numerous sprouts will ascend. Those from below the cut having theadvantage, 'soon overpower the others, and they are r ,left to perish, making gaps in the hedge, while the leading sprout becomes a tree, and the purposes for whichvit was intendedare lost.

In the plan which I propose, I produce but one stockv from a single quick, and, by topping the head of this stock, produce a .number 0E dwart'ed heads, and by bending over the 'stock'Y without 'cutting it, and fixing it at an angle oi about eighteen degrees, the sap continues to dow to the natural head oi' the plant-,derek oping a dwarfed trees. l

By my mode, of first placing the plant in the earth vertically, andthen bending it over, as described, I Y` preserve the iiow of the sap to the top, and have no sprouts from the side or trunkof the plant.

It is true that the sprouts about the head will grow vertically from the head, and a few throw oi lateral in quantity, audimat. proved in quality, and,=as a consequence, rapidly'devmost impenetrable mass.

-formed as above, in a, vertieei mannerfand ultivating the seme to form a dwarfed head, substantially as set forth.

3. Bending overl the hedge-piani; and its roots, with the adhering earth, to .an inclination of about eighteen for, preserving the ow o f sap through the stock, and the continuous development of the dwaxfed head, 'substantially as shown and described.

4. A hedge-fence formed by preparing the earth as lspeeied, then planting the young sprouts in a. vertin cal manner, and bending the same and its roots over, dt an vangle of about eighteen degrees, sind. growing the seme in said position, substnntieiiy as sei: forth.

In testimony that claim the foregoing, I have hereunto set my hand, this 11th day of Merch, 1869.

` S. N. CALDWELL. Witnesses:

LEOPOLD EvnnT, A. N. MARR.

degrees, after having attained sueient grown theref 

